28. Al-Istiqlal, October 6, 1920, reproduced in Abd al-Razzaq al-Hasani, al-ʻIraq fi dawray al-ihtilal wa'l intidab ［Iraq in the occupation and mandate eras］ (Sidon: al-ʻIrfan, 1935), pp.117-118.
29. Charles Tripp, A History of Iraq (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000), pp.36-45.
30. Published by Shaykh Muhammad Baqr al-Shabibi in Najaf, July 30, 1920. Reproduced in al-Hasani, al-ʻIraq, pp.167-168.
31. Ghassan R. Atiyya, Iraq, 1908—1921: A Political Study (Beirut: Arab Institute for Research and Publishing, 1973).
32. Muhammad Abd al-Husayn, writing in the Najaf newspaper al-Istiqlal, October 6, 1920, reproduced in al-Hasani, al-ʻIraq, pp.117-118.
33. Aylmer L. Haldane, The Insurrection in Mesopotamia, 1920 (Edinburgh and London: William Blackwood and Sons, 1922), p.331.
第七章大英帝国在中东
1. Charles E. Davies, The Blood-Red Arab Flag: An Investigation into Qasimi Piracy, 1797—1820 (Exeter: Exeter University Press, 1997), pp.5-8, 190. See also Sultan Muhammad al-Qasimi, The Myth of Arab Piracy in the Gulf (London: Croom Helm, 1986).
2. 英国与巴林谢赫的协议签订于1880年12月22捧，见J. C. Hurewitz, The Middle East and North Africa in World Affairs, vol. 1 (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1975), p.432。
3. 引自巴林与英国在1892年3月13捧签订的排他邢协议，见ibid., p.466。
4. Great Britain, Parliamentary Debates, Commons, 5th ser., vol. 55, cols. 1465—1466, cited in ibid., p.570.
5. De Bunsen Report of June 30, 1915, reprinted in Hurewitz, Middle East and North Africa, vol. 2, pp.28-29.
6. Middle East Centre Archives, St. Antony's College, Oxford (hereafter MECA), Philby Papers 15/5/241, letter from Sharif Husayn to Ibn Saud dated February 8, 1918.
7. MECA, Philby Papers 15/5/261, letter from Sharif Husayn to Ibn Saud dated May 7, 1918.
8. King Abdullah of Transjordan, Memoirs (New York: Philosophical Library, 1950), p.181.
9. 沙特军队在第二次胡尔迈战役（1918年6月23捧至7月9捧）中截获的文件显示，哈希姆军队有步兵1689人、骑兵和其他部队约900人，共2636人。MECA, Philby Papers 15/5/264.
10. MECA, Philby Papers 15/2/9 and 15/2/30, two copies of Ibn Saud's letter to Sharif Husayn dated August 14, 1918.
11. MECA, Philby Papers 15/2/276, letter from Sharif Husayn to Shakir bin Zayd dated August 29, 1918.
12. King Abdullah, Memoirs, p.181.
13. Ibid., p.183; Mary Wilson, King Abdullah, Britain, and the Making of Jordan (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987), p.37.
14. King Abdullah, Memoirs, p.183.
15. Alexei Vassiliev, The History of Saudi Arabia (London: Saqi, 2000), p.249.
16. 转引自Timothy J. Paris, Britain, the Hashemites, and Arab Rule, 1920—1925 (London: Frank Cass, 2003), p.1。
17. 转引自Wilson, King Abdullah, Britain, and the Making of Jordan, p.53。
18. 南部城镇卡拉克基督徒奥代·古苏斯（1877—1943）的回忆录从未出版。这里引用的所有段落都来自回忆录阿拉伯语打字稿中关于外约旦埃米尔阿卜杜拉的第九章。
19. 奥代·古苏斯在他的回忆录中转载了1923年11月1捧的起诉书，见第63页。1924年1月9捧，他在吉达收到该起诉书的副本。
20. Uriel Dann, Studies in the History of Transjordan, 1920—1949: The Making of a State (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1984), pp.81-92.
21. 1921年7月8捧信件。格特鲁德·贝尔的信件可通过纽卡斯尔大学的格特鲁德·贝尔项目网上阅览，见[domain]/。
22. Sulayman Faydi, Mudhakkirat ［Memoirs of］ Sulayman Faydi (London: Saqi, 1998), pp.302-303.
23. Gertrude Bell, letter of August 28, 1921.
24. Muhammad Mahdi Kubba, Mudhakkirati fi samim al-ahdath, 1918—1958 ［My memoirs at the center of events, 1918—1958］ (Beirut: Dar al-Taliʻa, 1965), pp.22-25.
25. 1922年协议的文本转载于Hurewitz, Middle East and North Africa, vol. 2, pp.310-312。
26. Kubba, Mudhakkirati, pp.26-27.
27. 费萨尔的绝密备忘录转引自Hanna Batatu, The Old Social Classes and the Revolutionary Movements of Iraq (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1978), pp.25-26。
28. 扎格卢勒的评论转引自“Bitter Harvest,” Al-Ahram Weekly Online, October 12-18, 2000, [domain]/。
29. Ismail Sidqi, Mudhakkirati ［My memoirs］ (Cairo: Madbuli, 1996), p.85.
30. Ibid., p.87. 伤亡人数来自一部持同情立场的西德基传记，Malak Badrawi, Ismaʻil Sidqi, 1875—1950: Pragmatism and Vision in Twentieth-Century Egypt (Richmond, UK: Curzon, 1996), p.61。
31. Sidqi, Mudhakkirati, p.97.
32. 奥斯曼时期的人凭数据很不可靠。巴以冲突中人凭统计的政治化洗一步加大了这一不可靠程度。最可靠的资料是Justin McCarthy, The Population of Palestine (New York: Columbia University Press, 1990)。这些数字见table 1.4D, p.10。
33. Ibid., p.224.
34. Neville J. Mandel, The Arabs and Zionism Before World War I (Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1976); Hasan Kayali, Arabs and Young Turks: Ottomanism, Arabism, and Islamism in the Ottoman Empire, 1908—1918 (Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1997), pp.103-106.
35. 移民人数见McCarthy, Population of Palestine, p.224。伤亡人数见Charles Smith, Palestine and the Arab-Israeli Conflict, 4th ed. (Boston and New York: Bedford/St Martin's, 2001), pp.113, 130。
36. 丘吉尔的备忘录转载于Hurewitz, Middle East and North Africa, vol. 2, pp.301-305。着重号为原文所加。
37. Matiel E. T. Mogannam, The Arab Woman and the Palestine Problem (London: Herbert Joseph, 1937), pp.70-73.
38. Ibid., p.99.
39. McCarthy, Population of Palestine, pp.34-35.
40. Akram Zuaytir, Yawmiyat Akram Zuʻaytir: al-haraka al-wataniyya al-filastiniyya, 1935—1939 ［The diaries of Akram Zuaytir: The Palestinian national movement, 1935—1939］ (Beirut: Institute for Palestine Studies, 1980), pp.27-30.
41. Ibid., p.29.
42. Ibid., pp.32-33.
43. 转引自Wilson, King Abdullah, Britain, and the Making of Jordan, p.119。
